Journal of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery

True aneurysms occur only rarely in the peripheral arteries of the upper extremity. As such, a treatment protocol deciding how and when to conduct surgical repair is still unestablished. In this paper, we report the case of a 21-month-old boy who presented with a painless, pulsatile swelling in the mid-arm on the right side; he was subsequently diagnosed with an idiopathic true brachial artery aneurysm. The size of the aneurysm rapidly increased over the course of 2 months and ultrasound examination delineated a thrombus inside the aneurysm. Therefore, the aneurysm was surgically resected and completely repaired by end-to-end anastomosis using cephalic vein grafting. Follow-up angiography showed excellent blood flow within the graft, and there was no stenosis. No neurological complications were observed during the 2 years follow-up period.